Chad–Sudan border

Wadai and Darfur

An Anglo-French declaration of 1899 set the general line: the French zone would follow the 24th meridian south to the frontier of Darfur, then run between the Kingdom of Wadai, on the French side, and the province of Darfur. A protocol ratified by an exchange of notes in January 1924 fixed the present alignment. Sudan became independent in 1956 and Chad in 1960. Near the Central African tripoint, the lake of Mare de Tizi is such an obstacle that Chadian and Central African authorities adopted it as the line between their two countries.^[1]

A refugee crossing

Sudan’s civil war began in April 2023 as a power struggle between army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo of the Rapid Support Forces.^[3] By May 2024 about 600,000 people had fled into Chad, some 185,000 of them through the border town of Adre, where many lived in makeshift shelters threatened by the rains.^[2]

In September 2026 the UN refugee agency said arrivals through Adre and Tine had jumped to 400 a day, about 20 times the earlier rate, with more than 55,000 people arriving that year, and that it had received only a fifth of the money it needed.^[3]

“It's paramount that we scale up the response now and immediately relocate as many refugees as possible to safer areas away from the border”^[2]